گرامر زبان انگلیسی - قید های مقایسه Comparative adverbs Archives

گرامر زبان انگلیسی – قید های مقایسه Comparative adverbs

مقایسه قید ها

می توان نحوه انجام کار ها یا رویداد ها را با یکدیگر مقایسه کرد: برای این کار از قید more/most + استفاده می کنیم.

Runners aged 50 and over are speeding up more rapidly than younger people.

Women aged 60 to 68 improved the most markedly.

برای مقایسه قیودی مانند(hard, fast, straight, late, early, quick) که حالت قید و صفتشان یکی است به شکل زیر عمل می کنیم.

صفت های بالا +er/-est= قید

Women aged 60 to 68 run on average four minutes faster each year

قیدهای بی قاعده: برخی قید ها بی قاعده هستند مانند

(well, better, best; badly, worse, worst; far ,further ,furthest; little, less, least)

I did worse than I had expected in the exam, so I was disappointed.

دانلود شاهکارهای سینمایی زبان اصلی با زیرنویس انگلیسی

دانلود گلچین 40 مستند برای تقویت زبان انگلیسی

دانلود شاهکارهای موسیقی جهان به همراه متن

دانلود بهترین انیمیشن های تاریخ سینما با زیرنویس انگلیسی

دانلود بهترین انیمیشن ها برای تقویت زبان انگلیسی

روش های دیگر برای مقایسه

استفاده از کمتر یا کمترین و بیشتر و بیشترین برای نشان دادن تضاد.

less/the least و more/the most

You might imagine that the Masters Games would be less exciting to watch.

That was probably the least enjoyable meal I’ve ever had!

با اضافه کردن کلمات زیر به صفت های تفضیلی می توان تأکید را زیاد کرد

even, far, a great deal, a little, a lot, much + comparative

Older women showed much greater increases in speed than expected .

در انگلیسی رسمی با به کار بردن کلمات زیر همراه با صفات تفضیلی تاکید را بیشتر می کنند:

slightly, considerably, significantly + comparative:

The figures for 2003 were significantly higher than those for the year 2000.

The number of women in higher education was only slightly lower than the number of men.

نکته : نمی توان very را با صفات تفضیلی به کار برد. (not the number of women was very lower)

می توانیم به شکل زیر نشان دهیم دو چیز شبیه هم هستند:

as + adjective/adverb (قید یا صفت) + as

My car is as old as yours.(= the two cars are the same age)

Older athletes are as likely to achieve their peak fitness as younger athletes. (= they have the same chance of achieving this)

می توانیم بر شدت مفهوم قیاس با استفاده از قیود دیگر بیافزاییم just, almost, nearly, half, twice, three time

In 2005, our team was almost as successful as in 2003.

He can run twice as fast as the others in his team.

می توانیم با تکرار صفت تفضیلی نشان بدهیم که تغییر در بازه زمانی رخ داده است:

Each year athletes seem to be getting better and better.

Our atmosphere is gradually becoming more and more polluted.

It seems less and less likely that there will be a general election this year.

استفاده از فرمت زیر نشان می دهد دو چیز در یک بازه زمانی تغییر یافته اند:

the + صفت تفضیلی + the +صفت تفضیلی

It would seem that the longer athletes keep competing the greater their chances of setting new records are.

The sooner the better.

مقایسه کیفیت ها

Quantifier	تفضیلی	عالی
A lot/much/many	More	The most
A few	Fewer ( + plural countable noun)	The fewest ) + plural countable noun)
A little	Less ((+ uncountable noun)	The least (+uncountable noun)

برای اسامی جمع و یا غیرقابل شمارش استفاده می شود: more یا most

Today’s top sportspeople receive a lot more money than in the past.

fewer یا the fewest برای اسامی جمع و قابل شمارش و less یا the least برای اسامی غیرقابل شمارش:

25 years ago few 60-year-old men and even fewer women would have considered running a marathon.

There used to be less information available about fitness.

با استفاده از موارد زیر می توان تاکید را بیشتر کرد:

a lot / many + more / fewer + plural countable noun

Increased sponsorship has given today’s athletes many more opportunities to succeed

with a lot / much + more / less + uncountable noun

Taday’s athletes need to do much more training than in the past.

با تکرار more/less/Fewer

So much in our society is about making more and more money.

همچنین برای اینکه نشان دهیم چیزی مشابه و یا متفاوت است می توانیم از فرمت زیر استفاده میکنیم:

(not) as many/much + plural/uncountable(+ as)

There aren’t as many people doing sports at school (as there used to be).

می توان به شکل زیر اطلاعات خاصی را درباره کیفیت به متن افزود:

half, twice, three times + as many/much … as

In 2004 China won nearly twice as many silver medals as the US,

The US won more than three times as many medals as Great Britain.

نکات اضافه: مقایسه اسم ها

می توان چیزهای مشابه را با استفاده از کلمات زیر مقایسه کرد:

like, the same (as), similar to:(همگی به معنای مشابه بودن هستند)

Older athletes can achieve the same degree of physical improvement as those in their twenties and thirties.

He swims like a fish.

This film is similar to this director’s last one.